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</noscript> <script> function stop(){ return false; } document.oncontextmenu=stop; </script> <!-- nav --> <nav class="navbar navbar-default navbar-fixed-top"> <div id="wmiksem" class="container"> <div id="igogoag" class="navbar-header"> <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbar" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="navbar"> <span id="ksm44sy" class="sr-only">五軸加工中心_五軸鉆攻中心_銑車復合中心 | 宇匠數控Y&J</span> <span id="gqwyego" class="icon-bar"></span> <span id="a4qccee" class="icon-bar"></span> <span id="iagmmmo" class="icon-bar"></span> </button> <div id="emouw4o" class="top-nav-right"> <ul class="navbar-right"> <li id="fat-menu" class="dropdown"> <a class="dropdown-toggleglyphicon glyphicon glyphicon-globe" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="drop3"> <li><a id="StranLink" name="StranLink">繁體</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="sm8mqwy" class="glyphicon 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--> <div id="cq8ckmo" class="title"> <h3><a>五軸臥式加工中心主軸系部件熱特性實驗<small></small></a></h3> </div> <!-- 頁面標題結束 --> <hr class="featurette-divider"> <!-- 中部開始 --> <div id="iko4o4a" class="container"> <!-- 正文 --> <div id="s4moqua" class="lead" id="print"> <p><span style="font-size: 18px;">熱特性實驗是獲得機床溫度變化與熱變形之間關系最為準確有效的方式。基于有限元仿真的結論設計溫度場和誤差項的測量實驗方案，并進行初步的數據處理和討論。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 18px;">3.1結構溫度與熱變形測量方案</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 18px;">3.1.1溫度場測量</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 18px;">溫度傳感器布點的方案見圖5和表7。根據有限元仿真,設置TM0～TM2分別測量主軸的三個熱源。TM3～TM4測量兩個鞍座滑塊附近區域的溫度。TP0～TP1測量立柱附近高、低處的環境溫度。TP2～TP5則測量立柱Y向的溫度場。TP0～TP5為PT100傳感器(精度0.1℃),TM0～TM4為磁吸式傳感器(精度0.01℃)均直接與被測表面點接觸。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"></span><img src="/bethel/upload/images/202608/17875519091230.png" title="17875519091230.png" alt="image.png"/></p><p><span style="font-size: 18px;">3.1.2熱變形測量</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 18px;">刀尖熱誤差的測量法見圖6a。以靜止工作臺為基準測量主軸末端夾持著的檢棒,其中測點DE0直接測量 <span id="8s0acec" class="strut" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.8333em; vertical-align: -0.15em;"></span><span id="cswgouy" class="mord mathnormal" style="font-size: 18px; margin-right: 0.07153em;">Z</span><span id="84qssuy" class="vlist" style="height: 0.3283em; font-size: 18px; top: -2.55em; margin-left: -0.0715em; margin-right: 0.05em;"><span id="k4eikmm" class="pstrut" style="font-size: 18px; height: 2.7em;"></span><span id="sa4quwc" class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="font-size: 18px; margin-right: 0.13889em;">T</span></span><span id="cim4ioo" class="vlist" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.15em;"></span>,測點DE1直接測量 <span id="csycek4" class="strut" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.8333em; vertical-align: -0.15em;"></span><span id="isaei4i" class="mord mathnormal" style="font-size: 18px; margin-right: 0.22222em;">Y</span><span id="csacege" class="vlist" style="height: 0.3283em; font-size: 18px; top: -2.55em; margin-left: -0.2222em; margin-right: 0.05em;"><span id="s4waaeg" class="pstrut" style="font-size: 18px; height: 2.7em;"></span><span id="4cikmoq" class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="font-size: 18px; margin-right: 0.13889em;">T</span></span><span id="4y44ycg" class="vlist" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.15em;"></span>,結合測點DE2有:</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><img src="/bethel/upload/images/202608/17875519263622.png" title="17875519263622.png" alt="image.png"/></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 18px;">式中:</span><span id="mckosuy" class="strut" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.8444em; vertical-align: -0.15em;"></span><span id="yiqsu4q" class="mord mathnormal" style="font-size: 18px; margin-right: 0.01968em;">l</span><span id="mwac4qw" class="vlist" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.3011em; top: -2.55em; margin-left: -0.0197em; margin-right: 0.05em;"><span id="sm4w0qq" class="pstrut" style="height: 2.7em;"></span>12</span><span id="8a8k4ww" class="vlist" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.15em;"></span><span style="font-size: 18px;"> 為DE1與DE2間的距離;</span><span id="umgimos" class="strut" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.8333em; vertical-align: -0.15em;"></span><span style="font-size: 18px;">Δ</span><span id="8esyack" class="vlist" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.3283em; top: -2.55em; margin-left: 0em; margin-right: 0.05em;"><span id="sgkosuy" class="pstrut" style="height: 2.7em;"></span><span id="gkoq4cg" class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right: 0.02778em;">D</span><span id="sg40ueg" class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right: 0.05764em;">E</span>1</span><span id="keiq80g" class="vlist" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.15em;"></span><span style="font-size: 18px;"> 和 </span><span id="quw4kmo" class="strut" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.8333em; vertical-align: -0.15em;"></span><span style="font-size: 18px;">Δ</span><span id="ucgig8g" class="vlist" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.3283em; top: -2.55em; margin-left: 0em; margin-right: 0.05em;"><span id="ku4aekq" class="pstrut" style="height: 2.7em;"></span><span id="kika8u4" class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right: 0.02778em;">D</span><span id="4muceik" class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right: 0.05764em;">E</span>2</span><span id="es4wyko" class="vlist" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.15em;"></span><span style="font-size: 18px;"> 為傳感器測量值的變化量。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 18px;">立柱熱誤差的測量法見圖6b。用基于X軸導軌的DL0可直接測得 <span id="qky4iko" class="strut" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.9694em; vertical-align: -0.2861em;"></span><span id="iygiqwe" class="mord mathnormal" style="font-size: 18px; margin-right: 0.22222em;">Y</span><span id="ai4uaik" class="vlist" style="height: 0.1514em; font-size: 18px; top: -2.55em; margin-left: -0.2222em; margin-right: 0.05em;"><span id="w4y4swa" class="pstrut" style="font-size: 18px; height: 2.7em;"></span>p</span><span id="qeo4qw0" class="vlist" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.2861em;"></span>。DL1和DL2以鑄鐵床身的側壁面為基準,測量上下滑塊表面,代表點A和S的Z向位移。這可以減少基準受熱后Y向膨脹和C向傾斜的影響。由此可得:</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><img src="/bethel/upload/images/202608/17875519426187.png" title="17875519426187.png" alt="image.png"/></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 18px;">式中:</span><span id="8wcg44s" class="strut" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.8444em; vertical-align: -0.15em;"></span><span id="8uw4yya" class="mord mathnormal" style="font-size: 18px; margin-right: 0.01968em;">l</span><span id="gkqqce4" class="vlist" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.3283em; top: -2.55em; margin-left: -0.0197em; margin-right: 0.05em;"><span id="ccgouy4" class="pstrut" style="height: 2.7em;"></span>A<span id="k4swoim" class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right: 0.13889em;">T</span></span><span id="kyceik4" class="vlist" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.15em;"></span><span style="font-size: 18px;"> 為 </span><span id="8ssyaae" class="strut" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.8333em; vertical-align: -0.15em;"></span><span style="font-size: 18px;">A</span><span id="4cegoq0" class="mord mathnormal" style="font-size: 18px; margin-right: 0.13889em;">T</span><span id="gmu4kmq" class="vlist" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.3011em; top: -2.55em; margin-left: -0.1389em; margin-right: 0.05em;"><span id="cmosyac" class="pstrut" style="height: 2.7em;"></span>3</span><span id="k4mycgk" class="vlist" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.15em;"></span><span style="font-size: 18px;"> 段的垂直距離;</span><span id="ku4i0yc" class="strut" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.8444em; vertical-align: -0.15em;"></span><span id="iss84qu" class="mord mathnormal" style="font-size: 18px; margin-right: 0.01968em;">l</span><span id="qiosye8" class="vlist" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.3283em; top: -2.55em; margin-left: -0.0197em; margin-right: 0.05em;"><span id="a44s44k" class="pstrut" style="height: 2.7em;"></span><span id="8s0k0ei" class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right: 0.05764em;">TS</span></span><span id="sw4aaeg" class="vlist" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.15em;"></span><span style="font-size: 18px;"> 為 </span><span id="qyy4wwa" class="strut" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.8333em; vertical-align: -0.15em;"></span><span id="o8qsuya" class="mord mathnormal" style="font-size: 18px; margin-right: 0.13889em;">T</span><span id="8oq044w" class="vlist" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.3011em; top: -2.55em; margin-left: -0.1389em; margin-right: 0.05em;"><span id="8iqw44q" class="pstrut" style="height: 2.7em;"></span>3</span><span id="4aioquy" class="vlist" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.15em;"></span><span id="cuycegg" class="mord mathnormal" style="font-size: 18px; margin-right: 0.05764em;">S</span><span style="font-size: 18px;"> 段的垂直距離;</span><span id="44syikq" class="strut" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.8333em; vertical-align: -0.15em;"></span><span style="font-size: 18px;">Δ</span><span id="cq4wgko" class="vlist" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.3283em; top: -2.55em; margin-left: 0em; margin-right: 0.05em;"><span id="u0mquwy" class="pstrut" style="height: 2.7em;"></span><span id="m4i4uwa" class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right: 0.02778em;">D</span>L1</span><span id="wg4kouy" class="vlist" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.15em;"></span><span style="font-size: 18px;"> 和 </span><span id="qegmoqs" class="strut" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.8333em; vertical-align: -0.15em;"></span><span style="font-size: 18px;">Δ</span><span id="8440quy" class="vlist" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.3283em; top: -2.55em; margin-left: 0em; margin-right: 0.05em;"><span id="ogk4moy" class="pstrut" style="height: 2.7em;"></span><span id="s4mqqss" class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right: 0.02778em;">D</span>L2</span><span id="80qsyyc" class="vlist" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.15em;"></span><span style="font-size: 18px;"> 為對應傳感器的數值變化量。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 18px;">鞍座誤差的測量法見圖6c。主軸內部的 <span id="4y4ei4c" class="strut" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.8333em; vertical-align: -0.15em;"></span><span id="cioqu4y" class="mord mathnormal" style="font-size: 18px; margin-right: 0.13889em;">T</span><span id="mwagmqu" class="vlist" style="height: 0.3011em; font-size: 18px; top: -2.55em; margin-left: -0.1389em; margin-right: 0.05em;"><span id="gqwacee" class="pstrut" style="font-size: 18px; height: 2.7em;"></span>2</span><span id="o4mqssu" class="vlist" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.15em;"></span> 點需要替代測法。鞍座側面與刀尖等高處的熱膨脹主要沿X向,故能在此處能近似測量 <span id="oc4q4gi" class="strut" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.8333em; vertical-align: -0.15em;"></span><span id="w8a0gi0" class="mord mathnormal" style="font-size: 18px; margin-right: 0.22222em;">Y</span><span id="iquwa8q" class="vlist" style="height: 0.3283em; font-size: 18px; top: -2.55em; margin-left: -0.2222em; margin-right: 0.05em;"><span id="iag4imo" class="pstrut" style="font-size: 18px; height: 2.7em;"></span><span id="segmsuc" class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="font-size: 18px; margin-right: 0.05764em;">S</span></span><span id="o4q444a" class="vlist" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.15em;"></span>。在預實驗和多個仿真工況中測得其數值極小(0～2μm),故實驗不再測量此項。多次仿真與預實驗中發現以立柱為基準測量 <span id="4uwyegm" class="strut" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.8444em; vertical-align: -0.15em;"></span><span id="2agiqu0" class="mord mathnormal" style="font-size: 18px; margin-right: 0.02778em;">θ</span><span id="cuygmou" class="vlist" style="height: 0.1514em; font-size: 18px; top: -2.55em; margin-left: -0.0278em; margin-right: 0.05em;"><span id="4ue4iko" class="pstrut" style="font-size: 18px; height: 2.7em;"></span>s</span><span id="si404ko" class="vlist" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.15em;"></span> 和 <span id="i40c0ua" class="strut" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.8333em; vertical-align: -0.15em;"></span><span id="w44ciko" class="mord mathnormal" style="font-size: 18px; margin-right: 0.07153em;">Z</span><span id="iu4wacm" class="vlist" style="height: 0.3283em; font-size: 18px; top: -2.55em; margin-left: -0.0715em; margin-right: 0.05em;"><span id="es4wcci" class="pstrut" style="font-size: 18px; height: 2.7em;"></span><span id="mwai4wa" class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="font-size: 18px; margin-right: 0.05764em;">S</span></span><span id="4oyae0m" class="vlist" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.15em;"></span> 的結果很不可靠,只能選擇床身為基準。主軸中后段下表面的Y向熱膨脹較均勻,用DL4和DL5測量此處的兩個Y向位移量可以估計 <span id="s4ouyeg" class="strut" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.8444em; vertical-align: -0.15em;"></span><span id="iwcgggk" class="mord mathnormal" style="font-size: 18px; margin-right: 0.02778em;">θ</span><span id="kwace4y" class="vlist" style="height: 0.1514em; font-size: 18px; top: -2.55em; margin-left: -0.0278em; margin-right: 0.05em;"><span id="kwaekoq" class="pstrut" style="font-size: 18px; height: 2.7em;"></span>s</span><span id="4s4m4y4" class="vlist" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.15em;"></span>,但不能得到 <span id="u4oqwe4" class="strut" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.8333em; vertical-align: -0.15em;"></span><span id="kk8yai4" class="mord mathnormal" style="font-size: 18px; margin-right: 0.22222em;">Y</span><span id="8c4iqw4" class="vlist" style="height: 0.1514em; font-size: 18px; top: -2.55em; margin-left: -0.2222em; margin-right: 0.05em;"><span id="ymwcksu" class="pstrut" style="font-size: 18px; height: 2.7em;"></span>s</span><span id="aems4sw" class="vlist" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.15em;"></span>。<span id="8goswac" class="strut" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.8333em; vertical-align: -0.15em;"></span><span id="4yeim4q" class="mord mathnormal" style="font-size: 18px; margin-right: 0.07153em;">Z</span><span id="mq4cgkm" class="vlist" style="height: 0.3283em; font-size: 18px; top: -2.55em; margin-left: -0.0715em; margin-right: 0.05em;"><span id="a4oqy0c" class="pstrut" style="font-size: 18px; height: 2.7em;"></span><span id="cu4g4gi" class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="font-size: 18px; margin-right: 0.05764em;">S</span></span><span id="mcko4uw" class="vlist" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.15em;"></span> 可以用DL3測量 <span id="akqyaa4" class="strut" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.8333em; vertical-align: -0.15em;"></span><span id="g40ce4a" class="mord mathnormal" style="font-size: 18px; margin-right: 0.13889em;">T</span><span id="y4swwac" class="vlist" style="height: 0.3011em; font-size: 18px; top: -2.55em; margin-left: -0.1389em; margin-right: 0.05em;"><span id="mckmsua" class="pstrut" style="font-size: 18px; height: 2.7em;"></span>2</span><span id="44s4qsy" class="vlist" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.15em;"></span> 點下方的Z位移,再用 <span id="simq4ye" class="strut" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.8444em; vertical-align: -0.15em;"></span><span id="myek4mu" class="mord mathnormal" style="font-size: 18px; margin-right: 0.02778em;">θ</span><span id="q044g4e" class="vlist" style="height: 0.3283em; font-size: 18px; top: -2.55em; margin-left: -0.0278em; margin-right: 0.05em;"><span id="semo4ms" class="pstrut" style="font-size: 18px; height: 2.7em;"></span><span id="wsyaeik" class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="font-size: 18px; margin-right: 0.05764em;">S</span></span><span id="cqceeek" class="vlist" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.15em;"></span> 修正得到。有:</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><img src="/bethel/upload/images/202608/17875519564540.png" title="17875519564540.png" alt="image.png"/></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 18px;">式中:</span><span id="8c0o8mo" class="strut" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.8444em; vertical-align: -0.15em;"></span><span id="m4waemm" class="mord mathnormal" style="font-size: 18px; margin-right: 0.01968em;">l</span><span id="4ceiouw" class="vlist" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.3011em; top: -2.55em; margin-left: -0.0197em; margin-right: 0.05em;"><span id="8q0wgkk" class="pstrut" style="height: 2.7em;"></span>45</span><span id="4q4ce4a" class="vlist" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.15em;"></span><span style="font-size: 18px;"> 為AT段的垂直距離。</span><span id="ka4eikm" class="strut" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.5806em; vertical-align: -0.15em;"></span><span id="4uci40c" class="mord mathnormal" style="font-size: 18px; margin-right: 0.02778em;">r</span><span id="skmwyc8" class="vlist" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.3283em; top: -2.55em; margin-left: -0.0278em; margin-right: 0.05em;"><span id="my4ccik" class="pstrut" style="height: 2.7em;"></span><span id="g4ikmsu" class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right: 0.05764em;">S</span></span><span id="iw8ggoo" class="vlist" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.15em;"></span><span style="font-size: 18px;"> 為 </span><span id="sossw8w" class="strut" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.8333em; vertical-align: -0.15em;"></span><span id="igk4ua4" class="mord mathnormal" style="font-size: 18px; margin-right: 0.13889em;">T</span><span id="siqwygk" class="vlist" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.3011em; top: -2.55em; margin-left: -0.1389em; margin-right: 0.05em;"><span id="sciosei" class="pstrut" style="height: 2.7em;"></span>2</span><span id="840g4gk" class="vlist" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.15em;"></span><span style="font-size: 18px;"> 到DL3測點的Y向距離。</span><span id="k44kowa" class="strut" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.8333em; vertical-align: -0.15em;"></span><span style="font-size: 18px;">Δ</span><span id="iagoqww" class="vlist" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.3283em; top: -2.55em; margin-left: 0em; margin-right: 0.05em;"><span id="8kwe4i4" class="pstrut" style="height: 2.7em;"></span><span id="iemssya" class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right: 0.02778em;">D</span>L3</span><span id="g4ck0mo" class="vlist" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.15em;"></span><span style="font-size: 18px;">、</span><span id="8cegqs4" class="strut" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.8333em; vertical-align: -0.15em;"></span><span style="font-size: 18px;">Δ</span><span id="aiqqyeg" class="vlist" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.3283em; top: -2.55em; margin-left: 0em; margin-right: 0.05em;"><span id="w40yacg" class="pstrut" style="height: 2.7em;"></span><span id="44quaac" class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right: 0.02778em;">D</span>L4</span><span id="scmquw8" class="vlist" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.15em;"></span><span style="font-size: 18px;"> 和 </span><span id="gack444" class="strut" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.8333em; vertical-align: -0.15em;"></span><span style="font-size: 18px;">Δ</span><span id="kckm8o4" class="vlist" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.3283em; top: -2.55em; margin-left: 0em; margin-right: 0.05em;"><span id="oi44qw4" class="pstrut" style="height: 2.7em;"></span><span id="ic4muww" class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right: 0.02778em;">D</span>L5</span><span id="uks4aiq" class="vlist" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.15em;"></span><span style="font-size: 18px;"> 為對應傳感器的數值變化量。在有限元分析中,這種近似法和 </span><span id="kygk4mo" class="strut" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.8333em; vertical-align: -0.15em;"></span><span id="oc0e04k" class="mord mathnormal" style="font-size: 18px; margin-right: 0.13889em;">T</span><span id="ggm4ac4" class="vlist" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.3011em; top: -2.55em; margin-left: -0.1389em; margin-right: 0.05em;"><span id="g4e0qu4" class="pstrut" style="height: 2.7em;"></span>2</span><span id="is4wek4" class="vlist" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.15em;"></span><span style="font-size: 18px;"> 位移結果相近。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 18px;">機床的正常運行需要用防護罩將立柱與機床工作空間隔開,妨礙了主軸誤差項的單獨在機測量。因此,主軸誤差項是在測得其他誤差項后,使用式(1)計算得到的。結合有限元的結果,認為 <span id="aqwc84y" class="strut" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.8444em; vertical-align: -0.15em;"></span><span id="csakoqs" class="mord mathnormal" style="font-size: 18px; margin-right: 0.02778em;">θ</span><span id="m8kq0oq" class="vlist" style="height: 0.3283em; font-size: 18px; top: -2.55em; margin-left: -0.0278em; margin-right: 0.05em;"><span id="ucmuegi" class="pstrut" style="font-size: 18px; height: 2.7em;"></span><span id="8m44e04" class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="font-size: 18px; margin-right: 0.05764em;">E</span></span><span id="cmuac44" class="vlist" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.15em;"></span> 和 <span id="2k4sw08" class="strut" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.8333em; vertical-align: -0.15em;"></span><span id="ueikmoq" class="mord mathnormal" style="font-size: 18px; margin-right: 0.22222em;">Y</span><span id="wckqswy" class="vlist" style="height: 0.3283em; font-size: 18px; top: -2.55em; margin-left: -0.2222em; margin-right: 0.05em;"><span id="guei4im" class="pstrut" style="font-size: 18px; height: 2.7em;"></span><span id="44yegik" class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="font-size: 18px; margin-right: 0.05764em;">E</span></span><span id="asw4qsw" class="vlist" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.15em;"></span> 都應很小才較為可靠。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"></span><img src="/bethel/upload/images/202608/17875519746910.png" title="17875519746910.png" alt="image.png"/><span style="font-size: 18px;"></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 18px;">實驗使用的位移傳感器測點編號見表8,均以磁吸底座固定在可靠的基準上。部分測點需要長距離的支持,故使用碳纖維桿支撐以降低氣溫變化導致的熱伸長。為提高被測與重力方向的支承剛度,每個傳感器都使用兩個底座以三角結構固定。刀尖測點DE0～DE2處采用高精度的電渦流傳感器PU-03A(精度0.3μm)來測量檢棒。而對于鞍座立柱的表面測點DL0～DL5,選用測量距離稍遠、適應不同材料和表面性質的激光位移傳感器IL-030(精度1μm)更佳。</span><img src="/bethel/upload/images/202608/17875519891258.png" title="17875519891258.png" alt="image.png"/></p><p><span style="font-size: 18px;">3.2熱特性實驗設置</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 18px;">被試機床的結構與配置見圖1與表1，主軸相關參數見表5。主軸轉速影響主軸發熱量，環境溫度影響部件初始溫度和空氣換熱量，主軸高度影響傳熱位置。它們是實驗的自變量，而關于溫度場與熱誤差項的變化即為因變量。據此設計實驗工況(表9)。將立柱最頂端到工作臺表面的Y軸坐標等距分為三個檔(0、-290、-580mm)。將主軸轉速分為3個檔(6000、4000、2000 r/min)。由于主軸暖機限制，每個工況均從冷態升溫，每5 min加速1000 r/min，直至達到目標轉速。環境溫度大約在15～20℃。工況1～3是為了評估環境溫度單獨作用時對部件的影響。工況13、14則會在誤差建模中使用。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"></span><img src="/bethel/upload/images/202608/17875520044707.png" title="17875520044707.png" alt="image.png"/></p><p><span style="font-size: 18px;">3.3熱特性實驗結果</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 18px;">圖7為實驗中部分傳感器的實拍照片。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"></span><img src="/bethel/upload/images/202608/17875520156313.png" title="17875520156313.png" alt="image.png"/><span style="font-size: 18px;"></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 18px;">3.3.1溫度測量結果</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 18px;">實驗工況11與條件相似的仿真工況2的溫度場對比見圖8。實際的主軸發熱量、水冷系數與仿真的估算有出入，故實測整體溫升量偏低(最大偏差4.5℃)。實驗中主軸轉速逐漸升高，溫升速度先加快后減慢，主軸和鞍座的穩態時間也有所推遲。實驗中4個立柱測點的初始溫度差別很小，溫升情況與仿真結果很相近(最大平均絕對偏差0.17℃)。另外兩對條件相似的工況(實驗工況10與仿真工況1、實驗工況12與仿真工況3)的溫升對比結論也類似，提高了仿真與實驗的可信度。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"></span><img src="/bethel/upload/images/202608/17875520345921.png" title="17875520345921.png" alt="image.png"/></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="/bethel/upload/images/202608/17875520462844.png" title="17875520462844.png" alt="image.png"/><span style="font-size: 18px;"></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 18px;">3.3.2位移測量結果</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 18px;">視情況對傳感器數據進行擬合或滑動平均處理，并計算出誤差項。圖9顯示了工況11的位移測量結果。其中 <span id="skq4ag4" class="strut" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.8333em; vertical-align: -0.15em;"></span><span id="auekmqs" class="mord mathnormal" style="font-size: 18px; margin-right: 0.22222em;">Y</span><span id="400eg48" class="vlist" style="height: 0.3283em; font-size: 18px; top: -2.55em; margin-left: -0.2222em; margin-right: 0.05em;"><span id="4sa0sye" class="pstrut" style="font-size: 18px; height: 2.7em;"></span><span id="8iqwac4" class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="font-size: 18px; margin-right: 0.05764em;">E</span></span><span id="qckwago" class="vlist" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.15em;"></span>、<span id="i4g4ac4" class="strut" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.8333em; vertical-align: -0.15em;"></span><span id="uiqyceg" class="mord mathnormal" style="font-size: 18px; margin-right: 0.07153em;">Z</span><span id="ws8su4s" class="vlist" style="height: 0.3283em; font-size: 18px; top: -2.55em; margin-left: -0.0715em; margin-right: 0.05em;"><span id="4weim4s" class="pstrut" style="font-size: 18px; height: 2.7em;"></span><span id="k4yggim" class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="font-size: 18px; margin-right: 0.05764em;">E</span></span><span id="ymw444o" class="vlist" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.15em;"></span>、<span id="iuygioo" class="strut" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.8444em; vertical-align: -0.15em;"></span><span id="iim4iio" class="mord mathnormal" style="font-size: 18px; margin-right: 0.02778em;">θ</span><span id="ssy4yce" class="vlist" style="height: 0.3283em; font-size: 18px; top: -2.55em; margin-left: -0.0278em; margin-right: 0.05em;"><span id="akosucc" class="pstrut" style="font-size: 18px; height: 2.7em;"></span><span id="cm44s44" class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="font-size: 18px; margin-right: 0.05764em;">E</span></span><span id="6ko4swy" class="vlist" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.15em;"></span> 為實測值根據式(1)計算得到的。與仿真工況2對比，A方向上，<span id="cqwakmo" class="strut" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.8444em; vertical-align: -0.15em;"></span><span id="kuwyyac" class="mord mathnormal" style="font-size: 18px; margin-right: 0.02778em;">θ</span><span id="weik4yy" class="vlist" style="height: 0.3283em; font-size: 18px; top: -2.55em; margin-left: -0.0278em; margin-right: 0.05em;"><span id="q4i4qou" class="pstrut" style="font-size: 18px; height: 2.7em;"></span><span id="uwgkmww" class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="font-size: 18px; margin-right: 0.13889em;">T</span></span><span id="0uegkqu" class="vlist" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.15em;"></span> 的方向與仿真完全相反，<span id="64equ4a" class="strut" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.8444em; vertical-align: -0.15em;"></span><span id="mswc4ag" class="mord mathnormal" style="font-size: 18px; margin-right: 0.02778em;">θ</span><span id="ou4goss" class="vlist" style="height: 0.3283em; font-size: 18px; top: -2.55em; margin-left: -0.0278em; margin-right: 0.05em;"><span id="m44imsw" class="pstrut" style="font-size: 18px; height: 2.7em;"></span><span id="aikoq4a" class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="font-size: 18px; margin-right: 0.05764em;">E</span></span><span id="ique4ik" class="vlist" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.15em;"></span> 最大有2.51μrad。Y方向上，在剛加熱時，<span id="0yemss0" class="strut" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.8444em; vertical-align: -0.15em;"></span><span id="ykqsyac" class="mord mathnormal" style="font-size: 18px; margin-right: 0.02778em;">θ</span><span id="g4ye0gg" class="vlist" style="height: 0.3283em; font-size: 18px; top: -2.55em; margin-left: -0.0278em; margin-right: 0.05em;"><span id="quy4g44" class="pstrut" style="font-size: 18px; height: 2.7em;"></span><span id="ywegmoq" class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="font-size: 18px; margin-right: 0.13889em;">T</span></span><span id="kqc40gk" class="vlist" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.15em;"></span> 較快前傾使得 <span id="uwcoq4a" class="strut" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.8333em; vertical-align: -0.15em;"></span><span id="q0ckmqy" class="mord mathnormal" style="font-size: 18px; margin-right: 0.22222em;">Y</span><span id="swyycei" class="vlist" style="height: 0.3283em; font-size: 18px; top: -2.55em; margin-left: -0.2222em; margin-right: 0.05em;"><span id="40o44io" class="pstrut" style="font-size: 18px; height: 2.7em;"></span><span id="kks4yac" class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="font-size: 18px; margin-right: 0.13889em;">T</span></span><span id="aagmoqs" class="vlist" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.15em;"></span> 先下降，而立柱 <span id="ywye8ek" class="strut" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.8333em; vertical-align: -0.15em;"></span><span id="yq44wgk" class="mord mathnormal" style="font-size: 18px; margin-right: 0.22222em;">Y</span><span id="ya4osu4" class="vlist" style="height: 0.3283em; font-size: 18px; top: -2.55em; margin-left: -0.2222em; margin-right: 0.05em;"><span id="o4wyygm" class="pstrut" style="font-size: 18px; height: 2.7em;"></span><span id="swaio4i" class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="font-size: 18px; margin-right: 0.13889em;">P</span></span><span id="8ckqssw" class="vlist" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.15em;"></span> 在之后的伸長又使得 <span id="qkoq4u0" class="strut" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.8333em; vertical-align: -0.15em;"></span><span id="qms4m0u" class="mord mathnormal" style="font-size: 18px; margin-right: 0.22222em;">Y</span><span id="ekucikm" class="vlist" style="height: 0.3283em; font-size: 18px; top: -2.55em; margin-left: -0.2222em; margin-right: 0.05em;"><span id="u4i0m4y" class="pstrut" style="font-size: 18px; height: 2.7em;"></span><span id="aosucgm" class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="font-size: 18px; margin-right: 0.13889em;">T</span></span><span id="miswcio" class="vlist" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.15em;"></span> 上升，結束時 <span id="kuaceg4" class="strut" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.8333em; vertical-align: -0.15em;"></span><span id="esci4km" class="mord mathnormal" style="font-size: 18px; margin-right: 0.22222em;">Y</span><span id="sgim4o4" class="vlist" style="height: 0.3283em; font-size: 18px; top: -2.55em; margin-left: -0.2222em; margin-right: 0.05em;"><span id="yeouwya" class="pstrut" style="font-size: 18px; height: 2.7em;"></span><span id="m4sy4c0" class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="font-size: 18px; margin-right: 0.05764em;">E</span></span><span id="kegmqsu" class="vlist" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.15em;"></span> 為2.34μm，實際上是 <span id="w8su4u4" class="strut" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.8333em; vertical-align: -0.15em;"></span><span id="i4ucg4k" class="mord mathnormal" style="font-size: 18px; margin-right: 0.22222em;">Y</span><span id="ymuwyce" class="vlist" style="height: 0.3283em; font-size: 18px; top: -2.55em; margin-left: -0.2222em; margin-right: 0.05em;"><span id="g4agk4s" class="pstrut" style="font-size: 18px; height: 2.7em;"></span><span id="e4yag0m" class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="font-size: 18px; margin-right: 0.13889em;">T</span></span><span id="8mswaem" class="vlist" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.15em;"></span> 與 <span id="8kqwy4a" class="strut" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.8333em; vertical-align: -0.15em;"></span><span id="k44imoq" class="mord mathnormal" style="font-size: 18px; margin-right: 0.22222em;">Y</span><span id="eikmquw" class="vlist" style="height: 0.3283em; font-size: 18px; top: -2.55em; margin-left: -0.2222em; margin-right: 0.05em;"><span id="ys4044c" class="pstrut" style="font-size: 18px; height: 2.7em;"></span><span id="qkmqsyy" class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="font-size: 18px; margin-right: 0.05764em;">E</span></span><span id="iuc4e0q" class="vlist" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.15em;"></span> 的和。Z方向上，由于溫升量的差別，所有項都比仿真要小些，尤其是主軸伸長。在其它實驗工況中，轉速主要影響溫差大小。主軸高度從最低到頂部時，<span id="swe4aei" class="strut" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.9694em; vertical-align: -0.2861em;"></span><span id="8scimou" class="mord mathnormal" style="font-size: 18px; margin-right: 0.22222em;">Y</span><span id="egmu4ya" class="vlist" style="height: 0.1514em; font-size: 18px; top: -2.55em; margin-left: -0.2222em; margin-right: 0.05em;"><span id="8w4su44" class="pstrut" style="font-size: 18px; height: 2.7em;"></span>p</span><span id="siq4yae" class="vlist" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.2861em;"></span> 增大、Zp和 <span id="kaik444" class="strut" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.9805em; vertical-align: -0.2861em;"></span><span id="csuwiko" class="mord mathnormal" style="font-size: 18px; margin-right: 0.02778em;">θ</span><span id="uc4u4y4" class="vlist" style="height: 0.1514em; font-size: 18px; top: -2.55em; margin-left: -0.0278em; margin-right: 0.05em;"><span id="ma4q04i" class="pstrut" style="font-size: 18px; height: 2.7em;"></span>p</span><span id="yimuwy4" class="vlist" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.2861em;"></span> 反向增大、<span id="agkmosu" class="strut" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.8333em; vertical-align: -0.15em;"></span><span id="4wc8iks" class="mord mathnormal" style="font-size: 18px; margin-right: 0.07153em;">Z</span><span id="am4egmm" class="vlist" style="height: 0.1514em; font-size: 18px; top: -2.55em; margin-left: -0.0715em; margin-right: 0.05em;"><span id="mw4kqsy" class="pstrut" style="font-size: 18px; height: 2.7em;"></span>s</span><span id="yeosua8" class="vlist" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.15em;"></span> 減小、<span id="8ek444o" class="strut" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.8444em; vertical-align: -0.15em;"></span><span id="cmos8sw" class="mord mathnormal" style="font-size: 18px; margin-right: 0.02778em;">θ</span><span id="q44gimm" class="vlist" style="height: 0.1514em; font-size: 18px; top: -2.55em; margin-left: -0.0278em; margin-right: 0.05em;"><span id="ema4e4g" class="pstrut" style="font-size: 18px; height: 2.7em;"></span>s</span><span id="ak840ce" class="vlist" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.15em;"></span> 增大，而 <span id="k40e4cg" class="strut" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.8333em; vertical-align: -0.15em;"></span><span id="samswwa" class="mord mathnormal" style="font-size: 18px; margin-right: 0.07153em;">Z</span><span id="qw4ko4w" class="vlist" style="height: 0.3283em; font-size: 18px; top: -2.55em; margin-left: -0.0715em; margin-right: 0.05em;"><span id="kuc4e4u" class="pstrut" style="font-size: 18px; height: 2.7em;"></span><span id="m4em4gm" class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="font-size: 18px; margin-right: 0.05764em;">E</span></span><span id="qyaegi8" class="vlist" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.15em;"></span> 變化量在10%以內，表明主軸伸長對高度變化不敏感。整體來看，部件實際的變形方向較符合仿真，變形大小有一定差異。由于環境溫度沒有停止升高，部分誤差項如 <span id="ci44gkm" class="strut" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.8444em; vertical-align: -0.15em;"></span><span id="u4ikuww" class="mord mathnormal" style="font-size: 18px; margin-right: 0.02778em;">θ</span><span id="kq0c4gg" class="vlist" style="height: 0.3283em; font-size: 18px; top: -2.55em; margin-left: -0.0278em; margin-right: 0.05em;"><span id="ueswy40" class="pstrut" style="font-size: 18px; height: 2.7em;"></span><span id="80uaeei" class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="font-size: 18px; margin-right: 0.13889em;">T</span></span><span id="qcc8isu" class="vlist" style="font-size: 18px; height: 0.15em;"></span> 在實驗結束時的穩態趨勢不明顯。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"></span><img src="/bethel/upload/images/202608/17875521016242.png" title="17875521016242.png" alt="image.png"/><span style="font-size: 18px;"></span></p><p><br/></p></div> <div id="uimwagi" class="blank30"></div> <!-- tag --> <div id="ua4akqs" class="blank10"></div> 標簽： <a href='/index.php?case=tag&act=show&tag=%E4%BA%94%E8%BD%B4%E5%8A%A0%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83' target='_blank'>五軸加工中心</a> <div id="ksycgi4" class="blank30"></div> <!--自動調用自定義字段--> <div id="oamqu40" class="blank20"></div> <div id="ymsa8yy" class="blank30"></div> <!-- 投票 --> <script src="/index.php?case=vote&act=view&aid=3110"></script> <!-- 自定義表單開始 --> <!-- 自定義表單結束 --> <div id="aimq4k0" class="blank60"></div> <!-- 上下頁開始 --> <div class="oygoqss" id="page"> <strong>上一篇</strong><a href="/bethel/5-aix/show-3109.html">五軸臥式加工中心主軸系關鍵部件與熱誤差項定義</a> <div id="cqueegi" class="blank10"></div> <strong>下一篇</strong><a href="/bethel/5-aix/show-3111.html">五軸臥式加工中心主軸系部件熱變形的LSTM建模</a> </div> <!-- 上下頁結束 --> </div><!-- /container --> <!-- 相關文章開始 --> <div id="ag4uwwy" class="blank60"></div> <!-- 頁面標題開始 --> <div id="yg4imsu" class="title"> <h3><a><a href='/index.php?case=tag&act=show&tag=%E4%BA%94%E8%BD%B4%E5%8A%A0%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83' target='_blank'>五軸加工中心</a> <small>相關內容</small></a></h3> <p></p> <span>——</span> </div> <!-- 頁面標題結束 --> <hr class="featurette-divider"> <div id="msaceim" class="container list-container"> <!-- 內容列表開始 --> <div id="a4m4uyc" class="news-list list-border list-border-w"> <div id="iouy4ce" class="list-date"> <span>24</span> <p>2026-08</p> </div> <h4><a title="五軸臥式加工中心主軸系部件熱變形模型應用與驗證" href="/bethel/5-aix/show-3112.html" target="_blank">五軸臥式加工中心主軸系部件熱變形模型應用</a></h4> <p>5.1補償實驗設置為驗證該模型的實用性，設計開展了熱誤差補償實驗。實驗的設備參數、測量方式與熱特性實驗相同，但計算機以OPC-UA協議與數控系統通訊,搭載的誤差模型可基于傳感器與系統寄存器的輸入,計算補償值并傳遞給數控系統。數控系統中與補償有關的部分寄存器見表11，輸入補償值便可… <a href="/bethel/5-aix/show-3112.html" target="_blank">[了解更多]</a></p> </div> <div id="8ciqu44" class="news-list list-border list-border-w"> <div id="ua44ygm" class="list-date"> <span>24</span> <p>2026-08</p> </div> <h4><a title="五軸臥式加工中心主軸系部件熱變形的LSTM建模" href="/bethel/5-aix/show-3111.html" target="_blank">五軸臥式加工中心主軸系部件熱變形的LST</a></h4> <p>LSTM使用門控機制調控細胞狀態，能夠有效捕捉與記憶長序列中的信息，較為適合機床熱誤差建模。根據仿真與實驗的結果，確定主軸誤差的主要影響因素為環境溫度、轉速和主軸溫升(ΔTM1、ΔTM2)。立柱的影響因素有立柱與滑塊溫升(ΔTP2、ΔTP3、ΔTP4、ΔTP5、ΔTM3、ΔTM4… <a href="/bethel/5-aix/show-3111.html" target="_blank">[了解更多]</a></p> </div> <div id="8k4suy4" class="news-list list-border list-border-w"> <div id="gqw8ikm" class="list-date"> 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title="五軸加工中心銑削圓孔偏差如何解決?" href="/bethel/5-aix/show-3103.html" target="_blank">五軸加工中心銑削圓孔偏差如何解決?</a></h4> <p>在加工中心長期使用過程中，滾珠絲杠、導軌及軸承存在一定程度的磨損，且數控系統動態響應不穩定，伺服優化不完善，也會影響加工中心的圓度誤差。數控系統伺服優化功能一般在設備裝調初期用于機電特性匹配，提升設備動態特性及發揮設備最大性能，是設備安調人員常用的調試工具。對于設備維護人員來說，… <a href="/bethel/5-aix/show-3103.html" target="_blank">[了解更多]</a></p> </div> <!-- 內容列表結束 --> </div> <!-- 相關文章結束 --> <!-- 頁底推薦圖文產品開始 --> <hr class="featurette-divider"> <!-- 頁面標題開始 --> <div id="mw0a4gg" class="title"> <h3 class="wow bounceInDown" data-wow-delay="0.5s"><a href="/bethel/video">產品視頻<small></small></a></h3> <span>——</span> </div> <!-- 頁面標題結束 --> <div id="gkqyaae" class="container"> <div id="em4swye" class="blank30"></div> <!-- 中部開始 --> <div id="w484eeg" class="row"> <div id="gqwyccg" class="col-xs-12 col-sm-3 col-md-3 col-lg-3"> <p></p> <p><a title="" href="/bethel/video" class="content-bottom-list-more">Learn more</a></p> </div> <div id="qw8ouc4" class="col-xs-12 col-sm-9 col-md-9 col-lg-9"> <div id="u44egii" class="row"> <div 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